Metals and Non-metals

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry | Interactive Learning Module

Grade 10 Chemistry 45-60 min

Learning Objectives

  • Classify elements as metals, non-metals, or metalloids
  • Compare physical and chemical properties
  • Understand the reactivity series of metals
  • Explain formation of ionic compounds
  • Learn basic metallurgical processes
  • Understand corrosion and its prevention

Educational Videos

Interactive Periodic Table

Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metals
Post-transition
Metalloids
Non-metals
Halogens
Noble Gases

Properties Comparison

Property Metals Non-metals Examples
Lustre Shiny, metallic lustre Dull appearance Gold vs Sulfur
Malleability Can be hammered into sheets Brittle, break into pieces Aluminum foil vs Coal
Ductility Can be drawn into wires Cannot be drawn into wires Copper wire vs Graphite
Conductivity Good conductors of heat and electricity Poor conductors (insulators) Iron vs Rubber
Sonority Produce ringing sound when struck Do not produce ringing sound Bell metal vs Wood
Density Generally high density Generally low density Lead vs Oxygen

Reactivity Series of Metals

graph TD A[Potassium K - Most Reactive] --> B[Sodium Na] B --> C[Calcium Ca] C --> D[Magnesium Mg] D --> E[Aluminum Al] E --> F[Zinc Zn] F --> G[Iron Fe] G --> H[Lead Pb] H --> I[Hydrogen H] I --> J[Copper Cu] J --> K[Mercury Hg] K --> L[Silver Ag] L --> M[Gold Au - Least Reactive] style A fill:#ff6b6b style B fill:#ff6b6b style C fill:#4ecdc4 style D fill:#4ecdc4 style E fill:#45b7d1 style F fill:#45b7d1 style G fill:#45b7d1 style H fill:#45b7d1 style I fill:#ffd93d style J fill:#45b7d1 style K fill:#45b7d1 style L fill:#45b7d1 style M fill:#45b7d1

Interactive Flashcards

Click on each card to reveal the answer!

What is malleability?

The property of metals that allows them to be hammered into thin sheets without breaking.

Example: Aluminum foil
What is the most reactive metal?

Potassium (K) is the most reactive metal in the reactivity series.

It reacts violently with water
How are ionic compounds formed?

By transfer of electrons from metals to non-metals, forming cations and anions.

Example: Na + Cl → Na⁺Cl⁻
What is corrosion?

The deterioration of metals due to reaction with oxygen, water, and other chemicals in the environment.

Example: Rusting of iron
Name three metalloids

Boron (B), Silicon (Si), and Germanium (Ge)

They have properties of both metals and non-metals
What is galvanization?

The process of coating iron with zinc to prevent rusting.

Zinc acts as a protective layer
Which non-metal conducts electricity?

Graphite (a form of carbon) is the only non-metal that conducts electricity.

Exception to the general rule
What are amphoteric oxides?

Oxides that show both acidic and basic properties.

Examples: Al₂O₃, ZnO
What is an ore?

A naturally occurring substance from which a metal can be extracted profitably.

Example: Bauxite for Aluminum
Name the liquid metal at room temperature

Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature.

Used in thermometers (now replaced due to toxicity)

Ionic Compound Formation

flowchart TD A[Sodium Atom Na] --> B[Loses 1 electron] C[Chlorine Atom Cl] --> D[Gains 1 electron] B --> E[Sodium Ion Na⁺] D --> F[Chloride Ion Cl⁻] E --> G[Electrostatic Attraction] F --> G G --> H[Sodium Chloride NaCl] H --> I[Ionic Compound Properties:
• High melting point
• Conducts electricity in solution
• Soluble in water] style A fill:#ff6b6b style C fill:#dda0dd style E fill:#ff9999 style F fill:#dda0dd style H fill:#4CAF50 style I fill:#45a049

Virtual Chemistry Lab

Element Classification Challenge

Drag the elements to their correct categories!

Elements to Classify:
Iron (Fe)
Oxygen (O)
Silicon (Si)
Copper (Cu)
Chlorine (Cl)
Boron (B)
Aluminum (Al)
Sulfur (S)
Metals

Drop metals here

Non-metals

Drop non-metals here

Metalloids

Drop metalloids here

Reactivity Series Challenge

Arrange these metals in order of decreasing reactivity (most reactive first):

Magnesium (Mg)
Iron (Fe)
Potassium (K)
Copper (Cu)
Aluminum (Al)
Sodium (Na)
Zinc (Zn)
Lead (Pb)
Reactivity Order

Drop metals here in order (most reactive → least reactive)

Corrosion Prevention Simulation

Choose different methods to protect iron from rusting:

Iron Sample
Fe
Environmental Conditions
50%
25°C

CBSE Assessment

Test your understanding with these CBSE-style questions

Progress: 0/10

Additional Resources

NCERT References
  • NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 3
  • NCERT Exemplar Problems
  • Lab Manual Activities
Real-world Applications
  • Electroplating in Industries
  • Alloy Formation
  • Recycling of Metals
  • Corrosion in Architecture

Key Terminology

Malleability
Property allowing metals to be hammered into thin sheets
Ductility
Property allowing metals to be drawn into wires
Sonority
Property of metals to produce ringing sound when struck
Lustre
Shiny appearance characteristic of metals
Reactivity Series
Arrangement of metals in order of their reactivity
Ionic Compound
Compound formed by transfer of electrons between metals and non-metals
Corrosion
Deterioration of metals due to environmental factors
Galvanization
Process of coating iron with zinc to prevent rusting
Amphoteric Oxide
Oxide showing both acidic and basic properties
Metalloid
Element having properties of both metals and non-metals

Important Chemical Reactions

Reaction with Oxygen:
4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
Reaction with Water:
2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
2K + 2H₂O → 2KOH + H₂
Displacement Reactions:
Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu
Ionic Compound Formation:
Na + Cl → Na⁺Cl⁻ (NaCl)
Mg + O → Mg²⁺O²⁻ (MgO)